Learning about Islam

Islam has many wonderful information that most people don't know about and that includes me. I want to know the socio-cultural, technology, economic, enviromental, and political sides of Islam. For socio-cultural, my question is, "What religion did they have and who did they worshipped? What did they use to trade with other people? Did they have any struggles with their government? What did they grow and what agriculture? So many questions that we all have and i am lookin forward in learning all the answers.