1. Explain the significance of each: Primary sources, Secondary sources, and Oral History/How did the Ummayads maintain their rule?~♀♪♫☼►

1. Explain the significance of each: Primary sources, Secondary sources, and Oral History. How is each source significant to historians?

Primary sources gave complete concrete detail of what had happened. This can be a painting, diary, or even a notebook. Historian use these as evidence to support their theories. Secondary sources provide insight that the person himself would never had realized. For example, in a newspaper (a secondary source), it would tell you that Columbus never made it to Asia, a fact that he himself did not know. Oral history is significant to many historians because of the fact that they give the historian insight on what the culture understood, or thought they understood, of the world during their time. It also tells them about what the culture thought of the life around them.

2. How did the Umayyads maintain their rule. Apply the STEEP analysis.

The Umayyads waintained their rule over Rome through various means. Firstly, they developed common coinage and language. These coins also had Arabic inscribed on them to help the people get used to Arabic. Common coinage helped develop trade and helped the people commerce. Common language took away one of the main barriers from unifynig the empire under them. The Umayyads also used a bureaucracy taken from the Romans. This bureaucracy allowed them to rule from their capital city, Damascus, without having to actually travel throughout all of the empire. This also ensured that their orders were carried out. This is how the Umayyads maintained their rule.